Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (15 October 1931 - 27 July 2015) was an Indian aviation scientist and politician who held the position . Born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aeronautical engineering. He spent the next forty years as a scientist and scientist, mainly in the Defense Research and Development Organization . He was therefore known as the Indian archery for his work on developing ballistic missile technology and l. It also played a technical and political role in the 1998 Pokhran-2 test of India, the first of its kind since India's first nuclear test in 1974.
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| A. P. J. Abdul Kalam |
Abdul Kalam was elected the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the opposition Indian Na. He is best known as the "President of the People," and returned to his public life in education, writing, and public service after one term. He has received numerous prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, and the highest social status in India.
Early life and education
While delivering a speech at the Indian Institute The lecture fell and passed away when he appeared to have a heart attack on July 27, 2015, at the age of 83. Thousands of people, including dignitaries nationally, attended the funeral in his hometown. of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honors.
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family at the Rameswaram Hajj Center on the island of Pampan, and . His father, Jinolabdin Maraqiyar, was the owner of a boat and an imam of a local Muslim church. His mother Usama was a stay-at-home mom. His father owned a boat that took Hindu travelers between Rameswaram and Danushkudi now empty. Abdul Kalam is the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors were wealthy merchants and landowners of Maracayar, who owned many lands and large tracts of land. Although his ancestors were wealthy merchants of Maracayar, the family had lost their wealth in the 1920s and were in need when Kalam was born. Marakayar is a racist Muslim found on the coast of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claims to be from Arab traders and local women. Their businesses include food trade between the island and the round-trip to Sri Lanka, as well as transporting travelers . As a boy, he had to sell newspapers to supplement his meager income. With the opening of the Pampan Bridge on the continent in 1914, businesses failed and lost their wealth and family property over time.
In his school years, Kalam Kalam was in middle school but was described as an intelligent, hard-working student with a strong desire to learn. He spent hours studying, especially math. After graduating from Schwartz High School, Ramanath the University of Madras, where he graduated with a degree in Physics in 1954. He moved to Madras in 1955 to study space. Engineering at Madras Institute of Technology. While Abdul Kalam was working on a first-grade project, the manager was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and was completed . Abdel Kalam met the deadline, which he commended the manager, who later said to him: "I was putting pressure on you and I ask you to hold on to the deadline.
Work as a scientist
After graduating from Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Abdul Kalam joined the Aviation Development . He started his career designing a small hovercraft, but he wasn’t sure about his career choice at DRDO. Kalam was also a member of the INCOSPAR committee under the direction of Vikram Sarabhai, a prominent local scientist. In 1969, Abdul Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) where he was India's first satellite . 1980. Abdul Kalam was Work on an openable missile project that began in 1965. In 1969, Abdul Kalam received government approval and expanded the program to include more engineers.
From 1963 to 1964, he visited the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Goddard Airport in Greenbelt, Maryland; Between the 1970s and 1990s, Abdul Kalam made efforts to improve
Kalam was invited by Raja Ramana to watch the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as a representative of the TBRL, although he. In the 1970s Kalam managed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from a succ. In addition to being rejected by the Federal Cabinet, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi has provided confidentia. Abdul Kalam has played a key role in persuading the State Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these secret plans. Research and leadership in education brought him great fame and prestige in the 1980s, which led the government to establish a lea. The work of Kalam and Drs. FS Arunachalam, mining and science advisor to the Minister of Defense, on the recommendation of the then Minister of Defense, R. . The central ballistic arrow and the Prithvi, which is a missile facing upwards, although the projects
Abdul Kalam served as Chief Science Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defense and Deve. The Bukhran II nuclear test was conducted during this time in which he played a major role in politics and technology. Abdul Kalam served as the lead project coordinator with Rajagopala Chidambaram during the pilot phase. The media coverage of Abdul Kalam's speech made him one of the world's most famous nuclear scientists at the time. But the director of the test site K. Santhanam said the thermonuclear bomb was "*****" and criticized Abdul Kalam for issuing a false report. Mazwi and Chidambaram denied the allegations.
In 1998 Abdul Kalam, along with cardiologist Suma Raju, developed a low-cost coronary artery called the "Raju's speech stent". In 2012, the pair designed a powerful rural health care tablet, which they called the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".
presidency
Abdul Kalam served as the eleventh President of India, succeeding R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with 922,884 votes, surpassing Lakshmi Sagal's 107,366 votes. His term ran from July 25, 2002 to July 25, 2007.
On June 10, 2002, the then ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) announced that Kalam would run for president, and both the Samajwadi . Narayanan, backed by Kalam, chose not to run for a second term in office, leaving the field clear. Abdul Kalam said in announcing his election:
I'm really frustrated. Everywhere, on the Internet or in other media, I was asked for a book. I was thinking of a message I could give to the people of the world at this time.
On June 18, Abdul Kalam presented his candidacy for the Indian Parliament, accompanied by Vajpayee and his senior cabinet colleagues.
Voting for the presidential election began on July 15, 2002, in Parliament and in the State Council, with the media claiming that the elections we. The vote took place on July 18. Abdul Kalam became the eleventh president of the Republic of India with a landslide victory, and moved to Rashtrap. Kalam was the third President of India to be honored with the Bharat Ratna, and the highest honor in India, before President Sarvipali Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Hussain (1963) who succeeded Harat Ratna as the next . He was also the first expert and became the first employer to settle in Rashtrapati Bhawan.
During his presidency, he was best known as the President of the People, saying that signing a benefit bill was the most difficult decision he had made during his tenure. Abdel Kalam has been criticized for failing to decide on the outcome of 20 of the 21 applications for favors sent to him during his tenure. Article 72 of the Constitution of India gives the President of India the power to pardon and suspend or commute the death penalty for those sentenced to death. Abdul Kalam made only one request for favor during his five-year presidency, rejecting the request of ****** Danangwe Chatterjee, who was later hanged. Perhaps the most prominent request came from Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist convicted of plotting to assassinate the Indian Parliament in December 2001 and sentenced to death by the Indian Supreme Court in 2004. When the sentence was due on October 20, 2006, a formal action was taken. As for seeking sympathy for his pending murder. The controversial decision to install the presidency in Bihar was also taken in 2005.
In September 2003, during a negotiation at PGI Chandigarh, he authorized a speech to discuss the need for Indian unity law, on the provision of citizenship.
At the end of his term, on June 20, 2007, Abdul Kalam expressed his determination to run for a second term on the condition that he win the 2007 presidential election. However, two days later, he decided not to run for re-election, saying he wanted to avoid Rashtrapati Bhavan's involvement in any political process. He had no support from the left-wing parties, Shiv Sena and United Progressive Alliance voters, to gain new power.
As the term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil draws to a close on July 24, 2012, media reports in April said it was possible that Abdul Kalam would be nominated for a second term. Following these reports, social media has seen a number of people agree to run in the by-elections. The BJP is likely to support its election, saying the party will support it if nominated by the Trinamol Congress, the Samajwadi Party and the Indian National Congress in the 2012 presidential election. A few days later, Mullayam Singh Yadav stepped down, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the sole supporter. On June 18, 2012, Abdel Kalam refused to run in the 2012 presidential election. He said of his decision not to do so:
Many and many citizens have also expressed the same desire. It only shows their love and affection for me and the desires of the people. I am really frustrated with this support. This is their wish, and I respect it. I want to thank them for trusting me.
death
On July 27, 2015, Kalam traveled to Shillong to deliver the talk “Creating a Physical World” at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. As he climbed the stairs, he felt some discomfort, but he managed to enter the hall after a short rest. At about 6:35 pm IST, just five minutes before his speech, he fainted. He was transferred to a nearby Bethany hospital in critical condition; When he arrived, he lacked motivation or other signs of life. [85] Although confined to the intensive care unit, his death from a sudden cardiac arrest was confirmed at 7:45 p.m. IST. His last words to his assistant, Srijan Pal Singh, were: "Funny man! Are you all right?"
Following his death, the body of Abdul Kalam was airlifted by an Indian Air Force Force C-130J Hercules aircraft. The plane arrived at Palm Air Force Base that afternoon and was received by the President, Deputy. His body was then placed in a gun cart wrapped in an Indian flag and taken to his residence in Delhi at 10 Judge Marg; There, the public and many dign.
On July 30, 2015, the former president was buried in Rameswaram Bay Karumbo Land with full respect. More than 350,000 people attended the final rallies, including the prime minister, governor of Tamil Nadu.
Interaction
India reacted to Abdul Kalam's death in a flood of grief. Many former presidents are respected throughout the country and on social media. The Indian government has declared a seven-day official mourning period as a mark of respect. President Pranab Mukherjee, Deputy President Hamid Ansari, Interior Minister Rajnath Singh, and other. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said: “The death of Abdul Kalam is a great loss to the scientific community. He has raised India to a very high level. Former Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who served as Prime Minister during Kalam's tenure, said, "Our country has lost a great man who made . Promoting self-confidence in defense strategies. I have worked closely with Dr. Kalam as Prime Minister and benefited greatly from his advice as President of our country. His life and work will be remembered for generations to come. ISRO AS President Kiran Kumar described his former colleague as "a great man and a gentleman," and former President J Madhavan Nair Kalam . He always had a love for passing on his thoughts to the next generation. Young people, "he added, adding that his death left a void that no one could fill.
South Asian leaders have offered their condolences and congratulations to the late . The Bhutanese government ordered the country's flags to raise half of the workers in mourning the death of Abdul Kalam and lit up 1,000 but. Bhutan Prime Minister Chering Tobjay expressed his deep sorrow, saying Abdul Kalam was "a highly respected leader ." He described the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikha Hasina Abdul Kalam, as "an extraordinary mix of the emperor, a ." "said Khalid Zia, the leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. The President of Afghanistan, Ashraf Ghani, has described Abdul Kalam as "an inspiring figure for millions," noting that "there is much we can learn from his life." Nepali Prime Minister Sushil Koirala recalls Kalam's contributions to his studies in Indiana
personal health
Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was Asim Zahra's sister (d. 1997), followed by three older brothers: Muhammad Muthu Mira Labay Marikyar (November 5, 1916 - March 7, 2021) and Mustafa Kalam (d .999). No Qasim Muhammad (d. 1995). He was very close to his older siblings and extended families all his life, used to send little money to his older relatives, and he too was single all his life.
Abdul Kalam was known for his honesty and simple life. He never had a TV, and he had a habit of getting up at 6:30 or 7 in the morning and falling asleep at 2 in the morning. His few items include his books, Vienna, other clothes, CD player and laptop; At his death he did not leave a will, and his belongings went to his older brother, who survived.
Religious and spiritual views
Religion and spirituality were very important to Abdul Kalam throughout his life. In fact, he made his spiritual journey the subject of his latest book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences by Pramukh Swamiji.
Muslims
A proud and knowledgeable Muslim, today fasting during Ramadan was an important part of Abdul Kalam's life. His father, an imam of a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had carefully taught these Islamic traditions to his children, and his father impressed young Abdul Kalam with the importance of respect and discussing religion. "Every evening, my father, AP Jinolabdin, my mother, Bakshi Lakshmana Sastri, the high priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, and the priest of the church would sit down with a hot tea and discuss matters relating to the island," he recalls. This timely revelation confirmed to Abdul Kalam that the answers to India’s many issues lie in “negotiations and cooperation” between religious, social and political leaders. Moreover, since Abd al-Kalam believed that “respect for other religions” was one of the basic tenets of Islam, he liked to say: “To the elders, religion is a way of making friends; minors make religion a weapon of war.
synchronization
One of the most famous things Abdul Kalam enjoyed among the various sects in India, as well as the endless part of his legacy, was the reconciliation of his beliefs in the diversity of the many. Kalam was familiar with Hindu traditions. . He studied Sanskrit, where he studied the Bhagavad Gita and was a vegetarian. Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil poems, playing vina (an ancient Indian musical instrument) and listening to devout Carnatic music daily. In 2002, in one of his first speeches in Parliament after becoming President, he reiterated his desire for unity in India, saying: “Last year I met many religious leaders of all faiths ... who love to work for unity of culture among cultures. We are divided by our country. Describing Kalam as a multiculturalism, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor said, "Kalam was a completely Indian, and incorporated racism in India," BJP leader LK Advani said. "Kalam India in great variety. This is clear from his second to final book, entitled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami. ".
Awards and honors
Abdul Kalam holds 7 doctoral degrees from 40 universities. The Indian government also honored Padma Bhushan in 1981 and Padma Vibhoshan in 1990 for his work with ISRO, DRDO and his role as scientific advis. In 1997, Abdul Kalam was awarded the highest award in India, Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to scientific research and the develop. In 2013, he was awarded the Von Braun Award from the National Space Association for "Excellence in managing and leading a space-
In 2012 Kalam was ranked second in the Outlook India survey of major Indians
After his death, Abdul Kalam received many compliments. The Tamil Nadu government has announced that his birthday, October 15, will be celebrated nationwide as "Youth Revival Day". The state government has also established the "Dr. ABJ Abdul Kalam Award", which created an 8 gram gold medal, a certificate and 500,000 rupees (7,000 USD). The award is presented annually on Freedom Day, which begins in 2015, to citizens who have made a successful contribution to the growth of scien.
At Abdel Kalam's birthday party in 2015, CBSI identified topics on his behalf at CBSI Expressions.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has released postage stamps celebrating Kalam's birthday at DRDO Bhawan in New Delh.
NASA investigators Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) discovered new strains in the Inter.
Many educational and scientific institutions and other websites were renamed or renamed in honor of Abdul Kalam after his death.
Kerala Technological University, based in Thiruvananthapuram where Abdul Kalam lived for years, was renamed ABG Abdul Kalam Technological University after his death.
The state government of Bihar renamed the agricultural college in Kishangang, Bihar province, into "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishangang" on the day of Abdul Kalam's funeral. The government has also announced that it will name the proposed science city called Kalam
India's first medical center was called the Kalam Institute of Health Technology in Visakhapatnam
Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) has been transferred to ABJ Abdul Kalam Technical University by Uttar Pradesh State Government.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial The Travancore Institute of Gastroenterology, a new research center in Kollam, Kerala affiliated with Travancore Medical College Hospital.
A new academic building at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala.
Construction of the scientific city of Dr. A.B. Abdul Kalam started in Patna in February 2019.
New Science and Planet Center in Lawspet, Puducherry.
India and the United States launched the Fulbright-Callam Climate Fellowship in September 2014. The first application for applicants was announced on Friday, March 12, 2016, for a partnership that will empower up to six India. 6. 12 months The partnership will be conducted by the US-India Bi-National Educational Foundation (USIEF) a.
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sampalpur, Odisha is named after him.
The island
Wheeler Island, the national archery area in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September 2015.
The historic New Delhi road from Aurangzeb Road was renamed Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road in August 2015.
Plant species
In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey of India named the newly discovered Drypetes kalamii, in honor of him.
Popular books, documentaries and traditions
Writing discourse
Advances in liquid technology and space technology by A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988
India 2020: Vision of the New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; New York, 1998 Fire: An Autobiography by A. Universities Press, 1999.
Burning Thoughts: Dispensing Power Within India By ABG Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.
Luminous Sparks developed by. P. C Abdul Kalam. Bunia Publishing Pvt Ltd, 2004
India Mission of A. P. Abdul Kalam, paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Literature, 2005
Inspiration from Abdul-Jawad Abdel-Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007
The invincible spirit of prof. P. C Abdul Kalam; Rajpal and sons' publication
Thinking of a Powerful Nation by AFG Abdul Kalam and Sivathanu Pillai; Father McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Continued By A P J Abdul Kalam And Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011
Entry Points: A Challenging Journey by Professor Abdul Kalam Harper Collins India, 2012.
Targeted 3 billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; Dis
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